Shine Lin : 逃花岛

@Youtube

“百间楼”的沿河长街

河对岸的”留荫庐“　

随处可见的拱桥

”百间楼“夜色

文/图　JeJe & Shine Lin

Photo by Allan I Teger

　　我们今天用数码相机，自然仍旧延续着传统摄影的一些基本观念。然而，我们可能又会陷入一个悖论之中，一方面我们遵守规则使传统摄影的观念在数码摄影中得以延续香火，另一方面，这种不同时期摄影技术造成的观念延续，有时候会与新技术格格不入。我们不仅可以在摄影的基本属性内部来超越既有的摄影成就，还可以借助数字化带来的外部力量来实现新的艺术形式。
　　我们对于传统纪实摄影的理解，常常涉及到“抓拍”这两个字。摄影史上关于抓拍与摆拍的争论一直长期存在，这涉及到摄影的本质论问题。在以真实为尊严的纪实者面前，摆拍似乎应该被严格划分在纪实之外。可是，正如前文所述，在数码摄影这样一种真实性难以靠技术特点来保证的情况下，客观性上不可能彻底，抓拍又怎能做到客观？既然做不到完全客观，那么纪实功能和“快门审美”必然消退，于是拍摄观念和创作干预就被凸显出来，这也是观念摄影兴起的一个原因之一。按照这样逻辑，抓拍和摆拍的问题，在数码摄影的范围之内的争论也许就显得没多大必要：因为既然观念自身统领着拍摄，而真实又难以保证，是抓拍还是摆拍其实就只是手法，而非本质。数码摄影时代，真实和虚构都是一种形式？
　　过去摄影界曾一度将二者对立起来，认为允许摆拍是绘画主义派摄影家的专利，而抓拍则反映的是纪实生活。但是有经验的摄影师都知道，这是一种略带夸张的误解的说法，把抓拍和摆拍这对立起来，是一种狭隘。
　　例如摄影史上90年代摆拍的复兴，其代表人物温哥华学派的杰夫•瓦尔通过对日常生活进行扮演，获得日常生活的不自然状态，从而赋予它一种不稳定性。这种被精心打磨出来的“决定性瞬间"与布列松的采撷式的“机遇瞬间”有着气质上的巨大差异。杰夫•瓦尔的做法应该说是借助了人们长期以来对摄影产生的信念，借助了摄影史的力量。“在他的画面之外，密布着与整个造像与观看制度的深沉的链接”——借助摆拍，同样能够表现作者观念的真实。
　　在摄影史上，由于摄影器材的历史局限，摆拍先于抓拍。最初的银版法，后来的湿版法、干版法，因相机笨重，镜头进光量小，底片感光度低等原因，一般只能用摆拍法拍摄。随着小型相机的出现，感光材料感光度的提高，人们逐渐将镜头对准身边的生活，抓拍法被越多的摄影师所运用。
　　到了数码时代，摄影创作手法呈多元化发展，表现手法日趋多样，抓拍与摆拍则拓宽了它们更多的生存空间。数码摄影技术的飞速发展带来了对技术难度的取消——“拿着傻瓜机谁都不会拍得太走样，瞬间赶上巧就颇为生动，质感也会相当逼真，那么一个业余爱好者可能比专业摄影师拍到更生动的‘决定性瞬间’。”
　　因此，抓拍和摆拍的真实性意义在数字化大环境的面前被消解和削弱了，仅仅成为了摄影师表达观念真实的技术手段。
　　中国日报社摄影部主任、中国摄影家协会副主席、中国新闻摄影学会学术委员王文澜曾称：“在中国新闻摄影界，抓拍、摆拍的争论是在‘文革’结束，因为那时候对拍摄方法的区别来自于‘文革’很多照片的弄虚作假，持续地引起了很长时间的争论。现在这个问题已经不是问题了。从荷赛的照片来看，有很多都是经过摆拍、设计、策划，比如像科技类二等奖的《面膜》，但是没有丝毫影响照片的真实性和新闻事件的可靠性和可读性，反而通过画面的设计，提高了冲击力。不管你用什么方法拍摄，抓拍、摆拍，你要达到画面的效果，应该是你成败的惟一标准。”
　　数码相机的即时观看功能其实让摆拍的效率大大提高。抓拍是转瞬即逝的，失去这一刻机会也很难再捕捉到一个经典。而在摆拍在遭遇了数码的非线性优势之后，消除了技术门槛。因此，在这样的创作形式里，观念的拥有者才是作品的著作权人，而不是操作相机的摄影师。同时，这样的摆拍也带来了更多的可能性，如构思与拍摄不断循环往复（就像绘画的创作机制）、群体创作与集体创作、甚至带来作品的本体与客体合二为一这样的可能——自拍。
　　无论是LCD取景的数码相机还是拍照手机，实际上对于摆拍是十分有利的，即时成像的高效率缩短了以往摆拍所要耗费的周期，自拍的出现也就是作品的本体与客体合二为一的时刻。自拍使摄影变成了“照镜子”的个人化行为，变成信手拈来的个人化娱乐。

文／Shine Lin （请勿转载）

国内一家知名英语考试学习机构深度剖析了陈冠希的道歉陈述，对这段陈述的总体评价是：“用词准确地道，词汇难度较高，包含了50多个考研和雅思核心词汇，经过改编后完全可以成为一篇高质量的考研完型填空，或雅思阅读理解。“

Today I have come back to Hong Kong to stand before you and account for myself. I have never escaped from my responsibility. During the past few weeks, I have been with my mother and my family and my loved ones to show support and care and at the same time to have them support and care for me.

核心词汇解析
account for 1) 说明，解释；2) 占…比例
escape from从…逃脱, 推卸责任 
escape＝es(ex=out) + cape(catch) 
 
I admit that most of the photos being circulated on the Internet were taken by me. But these photos are very private and have not been shown to people and are never intended to be shown to anyone. These photos were stolen from me illegally and distributed without my consent.

核心词汇解析
circulate = circul(circle圆圈) + ate v.循环，流通
intend to v.打算去…
illegal = il(not) + legal (合法的) + ly adv.违法地
单词组记: distribute, contribute, attribute, tribute
distribute = dis(away)+ tribute(give) = give away vt.分发，传播
contribute = con(fully) + tribute vt.贡献； 投稿 [助记]全部都给了
attribute to v.归因于
tribute n.贡品，颂词 [助记] 给国王的礼物
单词组记:consent, dissent, resent, sentimental
consent = con(共同)+ sent(=sense情感) n.赞同，同意＝agreement
dissent = dis(not) + sent n.不同意 [助记]不同的情感 = disagreement
resent = re(against) + sent n.憎恨　[助记]　相对抗的情感= hatred
sentimental[谐音]三屉馒头,失恋了只吃三屉馒头,所以是---a.多愁善感的
 
There is no doubt whoever obtained these photos have them uploaded on the Internet with malicious and deliberate intent. This matter has deteriorated to the extent that society as a whole has been affected by this. In this regard, I am deeply saddened. I would like now to apologize to all the people for all the suffering that has been caused and the problems that have arisen from this. I would like to apologize to all the ladies and to all their families for any harm or hurt that they have been feeling. I am sorry. I would like to also apologize to my mother and my father for the pain and suffering I have caused them during the past few weeks. Most importantly, I would like to say sorry to all the people of Hong Kong. I give my apology sincerely to you all, unreservedly and with my heart.
核心词汇解析
upload = up + load vt.上传(图片, 文件等)
download = down + load vt.下载(图片，文件等)
单词组记: mal-＝bad坏
malice = mal + ice(冰) n.恶意；【律】预谋, 蓄意 [助记]在路上放一块冰，想让陈冠希滑倒，这是有预谋的恶意伤害。
malicious= malice(恶意) + ious(形容词) a.恶意的
mal-function n.功能紊乱
mal-nutrition n.营养不良
maltreat = mal + treat(对待) vt.虐待
 
单词组记: libra天平, deliberate, liberate, liberty, libertine, libido
一直到现在，英国的法院门口还站立着古希腊象征法律精神的正义女神(DICE)的雕像，她左手拿着神圣的天平Libra，象征着权衡和平等；右手拿着宝剑，象征着裁决和力量；眼睛被布蒙着，象征绝对的公正无私。
deliberate = de(强调) + libera(=libra) + ate a. 深思熟虑的, 故意的 [助记] 把你的想法放在天平上称量，引申为深思熟虑的，深思熟虑的结果当然是故意的
liberate = liber (自由=libera)+ ate vt.解放(让人民获得自由) 
自由和天平有什么关系呢？
天平的主要作用就是要让两边重量相等，平等。解放全人类不就是让人民平等吗？人民解放军PLA：People’s Liberation Army liberation的职责就是解放全中国让中国人民平等自由
liberty n.自由
libertine这个单词叫"浪荡子"，原来就是“特别自由的人”的意思，” 挺（tin）自由（liber）的”
libido弗洛伊德的著作里面，他造出一个表示“性动力”的单词libido（中文翻译成“利比多”），表达的就是这种本源的不受控制的力量。
 
单词组记:deteriorate,interior, exterior, territory
deteriorate = de(down) + terior(土地) +ate(动词) v.使恶化； 败坏(风俗)； 使变坏(品质等) [助记] 品格败坏的人就应该入土活埋。
interior = in(into) + terior(土地) a.内部的，国内的
interior design　室内设计专业
exterior = ex (out)+ terior(土地) a.外部的，国外的
territory = territ(=terior)+ ory(地方) n.版图，疆土
 
to the extent 到了….程度
in this regard 在这一点上 = in this case
 
单词组记: 神奇的-en可以把形容词名词变为你想要的动词
sadden = sad + d + en vt.使人悲哀
strengthen = strength(strong的名词) + en vt.加强（力量）
weaken = weak + en vt.削弱
lengthen = length(long的名词) + en vt.延长
shorten = short + en vt.缩短
tighten = tight + en vt.拉紧
loosen = loose + en vt.放松
还有一个超级牛的单词前后都加en
enlighten= en + light + en vt.启蒙；（用思想）照亮
 
intent n.意图，打算
unreservedly = un + reserved(保留的) + ly(副词) adv.毫无保留地
 
I know young people in Hong Kong look up to many figures in our society. And in this regard, I have failed. I failed as a role model. However, I wish this matter will teach everyone a lesson. To all the young people in our community, let this be a lesson for you all. This is not an example to be set for you.
核心词汇解析
look up to 仰望，尊重= respect
look down upon/on 鄙视，瞧不起=despise
role model 榜样
 
During my time away, I have made an important decision. I will whole-heartedly fulfill all commitments that I have to date. But after that, I decided to step away from the Hong Kong entertainment industry. I have decided to do this to give myself an opportunity to heal myself and to search my soul. I will dedicate my time to charity and community work within the next few months. I will be away from Hong Kong entertainment industry indefinitely. There is no time frame.
核心词汇解析
whole-heatedly 全心全意地； single-mindedly一心一意地
fulfill one＇＇s commitment vt.履行…的诺言
entertainment industry 娱乐业
health =heal(恢复健康) +th(名词) 
heal (v.治愈，恢复) 是health的反向构词
dedicate to 把...奉献给,投身于...
charity = char(=care关心)+ ity(名词) n.慈善，慈善事业 [助记]关心穷人就是做慈善

I have been assisting the police since the first day the photos were published and I will continue to assist them. After this press con., I have obligation to help them with their investigation and hope that this case can end soon as everyone I think has the same wish.
核心词汇解析
assist = as(to) + sist(stand) vt.(站在一旁来) 协助
press con. = press conference 新闻发布会
press free. = press freedom 言论自由
press 是“压”的意思，怎么会变成“新闻”，“言论”呢？
因为最初的报纸都是油墨印刷,需要把纸紧紧的压在刻版上才能印刷出字来.所以press有了一个引申意:n.出版业,印刷业. 出版印刷业不就是发布新闻和言论的阵地吗?
obligation n.义务
investigation n.调查
 
I would like to use this opportunity to thank the police for their hard work on this case. Thank you. I believe everyone’s priority now (and) my priority now is to stop the suffering and pain, for not letting this…we do not want to let this situation become more out of control. We need to protect all the innocents and all the young from matters like this. In this regard, I have instructed my lawyers to do everything possible within the law to protect all the innocents, victims of this case. I believe that a press statement is being issued as we speak on what my lawyers have advised me to do.
核心词汇解析 
单词组记:prior to, priority
pri = pre是一个拉丁前缀表示before
[书面]prior to = [口语]before
小翻译 : 在你离开之前,请完成这项工作.
prior to your departure, please complete this task.
小翻译: 预先警告/通知 prior warning/notice.
priority = prior + ity(名词) n.优先考虑的事情, 优先权
 
单词组忆: victor, victory, victim
vict中的V象征着胜利，vict-表示征服
victory n.胜利
victor =vict + or(人) n.胜利者, 征服者
victim = vict + im(我是) [助记]我是被征服了，当然就成了n.受害人，牺牲品
 
innocent = in + no + cent(一分钱) [助忆]兜里没有一分钱, 所以没有偷窃, 是无辜的 a. 无辜的, 天真的 
instruct = in + struct(构造) vt.传授，告知 [助记]内心中去构建知识或信息
 
Lastly, I would like to thank everyone for coming here today and listening to what I have to say. I would like to also apologize once again to all the ladies and their families, my family and to everyone in Hong Kong and everyone in our society. I am deeply saddened by this. And I apologize to everyone (who) has to go through this. I would like to also thank you for giving me this opportunity to say what I have wanted to say all along in my heart.
 
I hope, after today, I can have your forgiveness. With regard to this case, with everything, everything that has happened, I am deeply sorry. I hope you all accept my apology and give me a chance. Thank you.
[书]with regard to关于= [口]about